Theoretical results on performance bounds for virtual machines and bytecode interpreters
Summary This postmortem analyzes the theoretical performance bounds of virtual machines (VMs) and bytecode interpreters relative to native instruction execution. The core finding is that while interpreters introduce unavoidable overhead, modern techniques like Just-In-Time (JIT) compilation and efficient dispatch methods narrow the gap significantly. The “2x/3x slowdown” observed in WASM is not a universal theoretical … Read more